Lesson 5: Cone of Experience

The Cone of Experience 

“The cone is a visual analogy and like all analogies, it does not bear an exact and detailed relationship to the complex elements it present.” - Edgar Dale

The Cone of Experience 

• is a visual model, a pictorial device that presents bans of experience arranged according to degree of abstraction and not degree of difficulty. The farther you go from the bottom of the cone, the more abstract the experience becomes. 

Direct Purposeful Experiences 

• These are the first hand experiences which serves as the foundation of our learning.

Contrived Experiences

• In here, we make use of representative models or mock ups of reality for practical reasons and so that we can make the real life accessible to the students’ perception and understanding.

Dramatized Experiences 

• By dramatization, we can participate in a reconstructed experience, even though the original event is far removed from us in time. 

Demonstrations

• It is a visualized explanation of an important fact, ideas or process by the use of photographs, drawings, films, displays or guided motions. \

Study Trips 

• These are excursions and visits conducted to observe an event that is unavailable within the classroom. 

Exhibits

• These are displays to be seen by spectators. They may consist of working models arranged meaningfully or photographs with models, charts and posters. 

Television and Motion Pictures 

• Television and motion pictures can reconstruct the reality of the past so effectively that we are made to feel we are there. 

Still Pictures, Recordings, Radio 

• These are visual and auditory devices may be used by an individual or a group. 

Visual Symbols 

• These are no longer realistic reproduction of physical things for these are highly abstract representation

Verbal Symbols 

• They are not like the objects or ideas for which they stand. 
• They usually do not contain visual clues to their meaning. 

Lesson 4: Systematic Approach to Teaching

Systematic Approach to Teaching 

“A plan that emphasizes the parts may pay the cost of failing to consider the whole and plan that emphasizes the whole must pay to cost of failing to get down to the real depth with respect to the parts.” 

- C. West Churchman

Instruction begins with the definition of instructional objectives that consider the students’ needs, interests and readiness. The use of learning materials, equipment and facilities necessities assigning the appropriate personnel to assist the teacher and defining the role of any personnel involved in the preparation, setting and returning of these learning resources

The effective use of learning resources is dependent on the expertise of the teacher, the motivation level or responsiveness and the involvement of the students in the learning process. With instructional objective in mind, the teacher implements planned instruction with the use of selected teaching method, learning activities and learning materials with the help of other personnel whose role has been defined by the teacher.

Examples of Learning Activities 

• Reading 
• Writing 
• Interviewing 
• Reporting or Doing Presentation
• Discussing
• Thinking 
• Reflecting
• Dramatizing 
• Visualizing
• Creating Judging 
• Evaluating 

Examples of Learning Resources 

• Textbooks 
• Workbooks 
• Programmed materials 
• Computer 
• Television 
• Programs 
• Flat Pictures 
• Slides and Transparencies 
• Maps 
• Charts 
• Cartoons
• Posters
• Models 
• Mock Ups 
• Flannel Board 
• Materials 
• Chalkboard 
• Real objects

After instruction, teacher evaluates the outcome of the instruction. From the evaluation results, teachers comes to know if the instructional objective was attained.

Lesson 3: Roles of Educational Technology in Learning

                                      “Technology makes the world a new place.”

Roles of Technology in Learning

• As tools support knowledge construction: for representing learners’ ideas, understandings and beliefs for producing organized, multimedia knowledge bases by learners.
• Information vehicles for exploring knowledge to support learning-by-constructing: for accessing needed information for comparing perspectives, beliefs and world views
• As context to support learning-by-doing: for representing and simulating meaningful real-world problems, situations and context, for representing beliefs, perspectives, arguments and stories of others, for defining a safe, controllable problem space for student thinking.
• As a social medium to support learning by conversing: for collaboration with others, for discussing, arguing and building consensus among members of a community, for supporting discourse among knowledge-building communities.
• As intellectual partner to support learning-by-reflecting: for helping learners to articulate and represent what they know; for reflecting on what they have learned and how they come to know it; for supporting learners internal negotiations and meaning making.

Lesson 2: Boon or Bane

           

"Technology is a blessing for man. With technology, there is a lot that we can do which we could not do then. Technology is made for the teacher and not the teacher for technology. It is very helpful but if not used properly, technology becomes a detriment to learning and development."

"Technology is made for man and not man for technology.Technology is made for the teacher and not the teacher for technology." This means that technology is meant to serve man in all aspects of life including instruction.It is man,and is the context of the classroom,the teacher,who determines how technology ought to be used in order to reap the maximum benefits that come along with technology.

Technology contributes much to the improvement of the teaching-learning process and to the humanization of life.It is indeed a blessing.

In Education technology is Boon when:

• Technology is not only related to understanding the things but it is also related to implement the things. 
• It not only related the scientific knowledge but also include facts and practical knowledge
• Technology is a mixture of man, material and thing so we can develop the product and satisfy the goals.
• Technology is the application of scientific development so that it can be beneficial for human being. 
• It is a knowledge of creating tool and developing the skills so that we can solve the problem
• It is the set of both hardware and software that help us to think better. Technology includes all the objects from pencil and paper to the latest electronic gadget.

In our generation for today, technology is important in everyday life. Because technology gives more benefits for us, this is the attempt to solve the problem of survival, capturing enough energy and converting it into human needs and also to make life easier. That are some benefits of technology.

Educators are the most user of technology, they use it for their assignments, activities or anything that can used an internet, and we used it to communicate in other countries or even in our country wherever we are. So that is the advantages of technology in our daily life.

In Education technology is Bane when:

• The learner is made to accept Gospel truth information they get from the internet. 
• The learner has an uncritical mind on images floating on televisions and computers that represent modernity and progress.
• The TV makes the learner a mere spectator not an active participant in the drama of life.
• The learner gets glued to his computer for computer-assisted instruction unmindful of the world and so fails to develop the ability to relate to others. 
• We make use of the Internet to do character assassination of people whom we hardly like. 
• Because of our cell phone, we spend most of our time in the classroom or in our workplace texting.
• We use overuse and abuse TV or film viewing as a strategy to kill time Learning. 

The disadvantages of technology is we will become a lazy person and we will become dependent. Like for example, we have a library in our school, there’s so many books in that room, but most of the students they not research in the library instead they research in the internet. Because they not suffering to search their assignments or anything. And it can take addiction for us, we lost our money for our bad habit. 

But the answer is in you, how to use an technology and not mistreat their use. It’s up to you if you want to poison your life in the use of technology or take a benefits from our technology. 

Lesson 1: Educational Technology

                                 

                           Educational Technology 

“Technology is more than hardware. Technology consists of the designs and the environments that engage learners.” - D. Jonassen

Meaning of Educational Technology 

•  The word "technology " comes from he greek word techne which means craft or art. 
•  Educational technology refers to the art or craft of responding to our educational needs 
• Technology is not just machines. It is a "planned, systematic method of working to achieve planned outcomes-a process not a product. 

Base from Dale 1969 

• Technology also refers to any valid and reliable process or procedure that is derived from basic research using the scientific method.

Based from Wikipedia 

• Technology refers to “all the ways people use their inventions and discoveries to satisfy their needs and desires.” 

Based from The world Book Encyclopedia, Vol. 19 

• So, educational technology refers to how people use their inventions and discoveries to satisfy their educational needs and desires, i. e. learning. 

Based from In the Definition of Educational Technology 

• Educational technology is “a complex, integrated process involving people, procedures, ideas, devices and organization for analyzing problems and devising, implementing, evaluating and managing solution to those problems, involved in all aspects of human learning.”

Based from David H. Jonassen 

• Educational Technology “consists of designs and environments that engage learners and reliable technique and method for engaging learning such as cognitive learning strategies and critical thinking skills.”
• It is a theory about how problems in human learning are identified and solved. 
• Is a field involved in applying a complex, integrated process to analyze and solve problems in human learning. 
• Is a profession like teaching. It is made up of organized effort to implement the theory, intellectual technique and practical application of educational technology. 

Based from Lucido and Borabo 

• Educational Technology is a field study which is concerned with the practice of using educational methods and resources for the ultimate goal of facilitating the learning process. 

Other terms that are associated with Educational Technology

•  Technology in education 
•  Instructional technology
•  Technology integration in education books, educational media

Technology in Education 

• “The application of technology to any of those processes involved in operating the institutions in which house the educational enterprise. It includes the application of technology to food, health, finance, scheduling, grade, reporting and other processes which support education within institutions.”

Instructional Technology 

• “Is a part of Educational Technology.”
• Refers to those aspects of educational technology that “are concerned with instruction as contrasted to designs and operations of educational institutions.”  

Technology Integration 

• “Means learning technologies to introduce, reinforce, supplement and extend skills.”
• “Technology is a part and parcel of instructional technology, which in turn is a part of educational technology.”